Shank:

Shank is the extension of the cutting portion of the tool that can be able to hold and fix in the tool posts to perform the operation.

Rake Face:

The rake Face is the topmost portion of the cutting tool whenever the tool is fed and cutting the workpiece, the chips will flow over the rake face after removing.

Side Flank:

Side Flank is the side portion of the cutting tool when it is positioned properly to cut the workpiece. It is perpendicular to the Rake Face.

End Flank:

The end Flank is the front portion of the cutting tool when it is positioned properly to cut the workpiece. It is mutually perpendicular to the Rake Face and Side Flank.

Cutting Edge:

Cutting Edge is the extension of the cutting point of the tool. It lies at the side flank. Whenever the tool is fed with an angle to cut the workpiece, the extension or cutting edge will play a key role in it.

Nose Radius:

The nose Radius is the joining portion of the two cutting edges of single point cutting tool. It is sharp and responsible for the cutting of the workpiece. The tool is named single point cutting tool is all because of this portion. The cutting point is called a Nose and to achieve a good finishing and tool life, the nose is designed with some angular arc which is called a Nose Radius.

If the nose radius is more, we can achieve a good tool life and better surface finishing but excess nose radius is not acceptable which leads to failure of the tool.

Side Rake Angle:

Side Rake Angle is the angle between the rake face back edge and shank front edge (observe the image above). It is the angle we measure vertically that is perpendicular to the rake face and shank

Mostly, the side rake angle will vary between 5 –15 degrees.

End-Cutting Edge Angle:

The corners of the front cutting tool edges are not linear or perfectly perpendicular to the back edge. So, the End-Cutting Edge Angle is the angle between the tip point and imaginary perpendicular line passing through the cutting tip.

The End-Cutting Edge Angle will vary between 8-15 degrees depends upon the requirement.

End Relief Angle:

Whenever a line is drawn downwards from the cutting tip, then an angle is formed between Flank and Extended Link. So, the angle between the Flank End and the line perpendicular to the Cutting Point of the tool is called as End Relief Angle.

It is recommended that the end relief angle should be maintained as much as smaller we can where the larger angles will lead to the failure of the tool.

We can see this angle whenever the tool is in an Orthogonal position and from the Side View of the tool.

Side Cutting Edge Angle:

The side edge of the flank is not linear and tilted when we compared it to the side of the shank. If we extend the shank edge using a line, then we can find an angle called Side Cutting Edge Angle. We can say that the angle between the side cutting edge and the extended line of the shank is called as Side Cutting Edge Angle.

The tool life depends upon the side cutting edge angle. The proper angle count will increase the tool life and if it exceeds a certain limit, the tool life will decrease.

Side Relief Angle:

The edges of the shank and flank are not intersected and there is some tilt between them. So, the angle between the shank edge and the extended line of the flank from its top edge.

Back Rake Angle:

The Rake Face of the tool is designed in such a way that the upper portion will look like a curve when we observe from its sides. So, if we extend the two lines; one from the tip rake face and another from the same tip but parallel to the base and the angle that forms between the two lines called as Back Rake Angle. There are three types of rake angles according to the design.

– Positive Rake Angle:

If the extended line of the tip is above the parallel line then it is called Positive Rake Angle.

– Negative Rake Angle:

If the extended line of the tip is below the parallel line then it is called Positive Rake Angle.

– Neutral Rake Angle:

If the extended line of the tip and parallel line coincides then it is called Positive Rake Angle.

Note:

• The End Cutting Edge Angle, End Relief Angle, Side Cutting Edge Angles are measured on a plane that is parallel to the tool when positioned properly or parallel to the axis of the tool

• The Back Rake Angle, Side Relief Angle, Side Rake Angle are measured on a plane that is perpendicular to the tool when positioned properly.

Single Point Cutting Tool Material:

The Single Point Cutting Tools are the most and frequently used tool in Machine Tools. Machining a workpiece at high speeds is not an easy task; there are chances for the failure of cutting tools if it is not designed properly (whether the geometry or material) so, choosing the type of tool material is also a key factor in its designing.

So, the types of materials that are used to design and manufacture the single point cutting tool are

• High Carbon Steel

• High-Speed Steel

• Ceramic

• Diamond

• Cast Hard Alloys

• Cemented Carbides

Types Of Cutting Process In Single Point Cutting Tool:

We can perform the operations at different angles and such angles will explain the type of cutting process. So, there are two types of the cutting process and they are Orthogonal Cutting Process, and Oblique Cutting Process.

1. Orthogonal Cutting Process:

The orthogonal Cutting Process can be said to be a two-dimensional cutting process where we can move the tool in the x and y-axis to perform the cutting operation. We will be fed the tool perpendicularly to the axis of the workpiece over to the workpiece and the cutting will take place by removal of chips.

We can perform the Turning, Facing operations using Orthogonal Cutting Process.

2. Oblique Cutting Process:

The oblique Cutting Process can be said to be a three-dimensional cutting process where we can move the tool in x, y, and z-axis or directions to perform the cutting operations. We will tilt the tool with some angle and fed over the workpiece whereas; the cutting will take place by removal of the chip.

We can perform the Taper Turning operation using Oblique Cutting Process.

Single Point Cutting Tool Operations:

Single Point Cutting Tool can be used to perform a number of operations in different machine tools. As we know, the Lathe Machine is one of the machine tools where we can perform a number of operations so, a single point cutting tool will be the key tool in performing such different operations. Apart from Lathe Machine, we use single point cutting tool in Shaper Machine, Planer Machine too.

So, the single point cutting tool operations that can be performed on different machine tools are

1. Turning Operation

2. Facing Operation

3. Taper Turning Operation

4. Parting Operation

5. Drilling Operation

6. Shaping Operation

Click on the link below to read more about these operations

Also Read:

Lathe Machine – Parts, Operations, Types Of Tools, Advantages, And Applications

Advantages Of Single Point Cutting Tool:

The advantages of single point cutting tool are as follows

• The single point cutting tool operations are simple and opt for many cutting operations.

• The life cycle of a single point cutting tool is more and in case of any breakage of the tool’s tip, we can perform brazing or another joining process to join for reuse.

• We can perform two-dimensional and three-dimensional operations using single point cutting tool.

• A single point cutting tool can be fix easily in the fixtures and jigs

Disadvantages Of Single Point Cutting Tool:

The Disadvantages Of the Single Point Cutting Tool is

• The single point cutting tool cannot be used in Milling Operations due to the domination of the Multi-Point Cutting Tool.

• The Tool Life of a single point cutting tool depends upon the Operating Speed and Operating Process.

• If the tip of the cutting tool is rough, then the efficiency will be dull. We can even grind the tips to make them sharp or replace them with a new one for operations.

Applications Of Single Point Cutting Tool:

As told already, the applications of single point cutting tool are extensive and a few of the Applications Of Single Point Cutting Tool are

• Single Point Cutting Tool can be used to cut the material so, we find them in every machine tool application.

• It is used in Lathe Machine, Shaping Machine, Planing Machine, etc.

Conclusion:

The role of the Single Point Cutting Tool is prominent in the field of manufacturing. The size of the cutting tool and design will vary according to the application. As we know that Machine Tools can be found in different sizes and even their tools too vary according to them so, higher applications require higher strength and shape.

Of course, the single point cutting tool life will depend upon many parameters and we need to aware of such things to maintain the average lifetime of the tool.